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Harlem - Wikipedia. Coordinates: 4. 0. Since the 1. 92. 0s, Harlem has been known as a major African- American residential, cultural and business center. Originally a Dutch village, formally organized in 1. Harlem's history has been defined by a series of economic boom- and- bust cycles, with significant population shifts accompanying each cycle. African- American residents began to arrive in large numbers in 1.

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Great Migration. In the 1. Central and West Harlem were the focus of the . However, with job losses in the time of the Great Depression and the deindustrialization of New York City after World War II, rates of crime and poverty increased significantly. Harlem's African- American population peaked in the 1. In 2. 00. 8, the United States Census found that for the first time since the 1. It stretches from the East River in the east, to the Hudson River to the west; and between 1. Street in the north, where it meets Washington Heights, and an uneven boundary along the south that runs along either 9.

Street east of Fifth Avenue or 1. Street west of Fifth Avenue.

Central Harlem is bounded by Fifth Avenue on the east, Central Park on the south, Morningside Park, St. Nicholas Avenue and Edgecombe Avenue on the west, and the Harlem River on the north. Nicholas Park and Jackie Robinson Park—are situated on steeply rising banks and form most of the district's western boundary. On the east, Fifth Avenue and Marcus Garvey Park, also known as Mount Morris Park, separate this area from East Harlem. The bulk of the area falls under Manhattan Community Board No.

The two neighborhoods' area is bounded by Cathedral Parkway (1. Street) on the South; 1. Street on the North; Manhattan/Morningside Ave/St.

Nicholas/Bradhurst/Edgecome Avenues on the East; and Riverside Park/the Hudson River on the west. Manhattanville begins at roughly 1. Street and extends northward to 1. Street. The northern most section of West Harlem is Hamilton Heights. The areas of West Harlem are served by the 3. Precinct. The following fire companies are quartered in Harlem: Engine 3.

Engine 3. 7, Engine 4. Engine 5. 8, Engine 5. Engine 6. 9, Engine 8. Engine 8. 4, Engine 9. Ladder 1. 4, Ladder 2.

Ladder 2. 6, Ladder 2. Ladder 3. 0, Ladder 3. Ladder 4. 0, and the Chiefs of the 1. Battalions. Harlem is represented by New York's 1. New York State Senate's 3. New York State Assembly's 6. New York City Council's 7th, 8th, and 9th districts.

History. As many as several hundred farmed the Harlem flatlands. The neighborhood continued to serve as a refuge for New Yorkers, but increasingly those coming north were poor and Jewish or Italian.

By 1. 93. 0, it had reached 7. So many blacks came that it .

By 1. 92. 0, central Harlem was 3. The 1. 93. 0 census revealed that 7. Central Harlem's residents were black and lived as far south as Central Park, at 1. Street. In the early 1. Harlemites were out of work, and employment prospects for Harlemites stayed bad for decades.

Employment among black New Yorkers fell as some traditionally black businesses, including domestic service and some types of manual labor, were taken over by other ethnic groups. Major industries left New York City altogether, especially after 1.

Several riots happened in this period, including in 1. There were major changes following World War II.

In the late 1. 95. Harlem was the scene of a series of rent strikes by neighborhood tenants, led by local activist Jesse Gray, together with the Congress of Racial Equality, Harlem Youth Opportunities Unlimited (HARYOU), and other groups. These groups wanted the city to force landlords to improve the quality of housing by bringing them up to code, to take action against rats and roaches, to provide heat during the winter, and to keep prices in line with existing rent control regulations. Ultimately, community objections halted the construction of new projects. Drivers Wifi Notebook Acer Aspire One D270 Camera Ready.

In the 1. 96. 0s, about 7. Harlem students tested under grade levels in reading skills, and 8. In central Harlem, 9. Those who remained were the poorest and least skilled, with the fewest opportunities for success. Though the federal government's Model Cities Program spent $1. Harlem showed no improvement.

This was intended to improve the community by placing property in the hands of people who would live in them and maintain them. In many cases, the city would even pay to completely renovate a property before selling it (by lottery) below market value. Between 1. 99. 0 and 2.

Though Harlem musicians and writers are particularly well remembered, the community has also hosted numerous actors and theater companies, including the New Heritage Repertory Theater. The Savoy Ballroom, on Lenox Avenue, was a renowned venue for swing dancing, and was immortalized in a popular song of the era, . In the 1. 92. 0s and 1. Lenox and Seventh Avenues in central Harlem, over 1. Others were integrated, including the Renaissance Ballroom and the Savoy Ballroom. In 1. 93. 6, Orson Welles produced his black Macbeth at the Lafayette Theater in Harlem. Harlem lacked any permanent performance space until the creation of the Gatehouse Theater in an old Croton aqueduct building on 1.

Street in 2. 00. 6. The parade was started up in the spring of 1. Congressman Adam Clayton Powell, Jr. The company has toured nationally and internationally. Generations of theater artists have gotten a start at the school.

Manhattan's contributions to hip- hop stems largely from artists with Harlem roots such as Big L, Kurtis Blow and Immortal Technique. Harlem is also the birthplace of popular hip- hop dances such as the Harlem shake, toe wop, and Chicken Noodle Soup. Harlem is currently experiencing a gourmet renaissance with new dining hotspots popping up uptown around Frederick Douglass Boulevard. On October 1. 7, 2. Macombs Place at 1.

Street. The area is home to over 4. The Abyssinian Baptist Church has long been influential because of its large congregation, and recently wealthy on account of its extensive real estate holdings.

The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter- day Saints built a chapel on 1. Street in 2. 00. 5. Previously the Church had had a branch meeting around the corner in a former Jehovah's Witnesses Kingdom Hall. As of 2. 01. 5 there are 3 LDS Wards meeting at the Harlem Chapel. Many of the area's churches are .

These congregations may have fewer than 3. Especially in the years before World War II, Harlem produced popular Christian charismatic . Mosque No. 7. Nation of Islam, and the location of the 1. Harlem Mosque incident), the Mosque of Islamic Brotherhood and Masjid Aqsa. Judaism, too, maintains a presence in Harlem through the Old Broadway Synagogue. A non- mainstream synagogue of Black Hebrews known as Commandment Keepers, was based in a synagogue at 1 West 1.

Street until 2. 00. Landmarks. This point also marks an influx from downtown Manhattan neighborhoods where blacks were feeling less welcome, to the Harlem area. Central Harlem is home to the famous Apollo Theater.

Central Harlem. African Americans make up about a quarter of the West Harlem population. Educational institutions in the neighborhood include City College of New York, Columbia University, Barnard College, and New York Theological Seminary. East Harlem. Italian Harlem formed when Southern Italian immigration began in the late 1.

In recent decades, many Mexican and Salvadoran immigrants have also settled in East Harlem. In both cases, the numbers for men have been consistently worse than the numbers for women. Unemployment and poverty in the neighborhood resisted private and governmental initiatives to ameliorate them.

During the Great Depression, unemployment in Harlem went past 2. Tuberculosis was the main killer, and four times as prevalent among Harlem citizens than among the rest of New York's population.

Fifteen- year- old men in Harlem, on the other hand, had a 3. Angola. As the ethnic composition of the neighborhood changed, black criminals began to organize themselves similarly.

However, rather than compete with the established mobs, gangs concentrated on the .

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