Troubleshooting Disks and File Systems. Published: November 0. Hard disk and file system errors can result from a variety of problems, such as hardware failures, power outages, poor system maintenance, viruses, and human error.

When troubleshooting problems related to disks and file systems, refer to this chapter for information about troubleshooting tools, volume and disk error conditions, viruses, and stop messages. You can also use this chapter to obtain detailed descriptions of the master boot record (MBR), the GUID partition table (GPT), and the boot sectors. For information on how to obtain the Windows XP Professional Resource Kit in its entirety, please see http: //www. On This Page. Related Information. New in Troubleshooting Disks and File Systems. Maintenance and Troubleshooting Tools.

Disk and Volume Status Descriptions. Viruses That Affect the MBR and Boot Sectors.

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Repairing Damaged MBRs and Boot Sectors in x. Based Computers. Stop Messages for Disks and File Systems. Other Disk Problems. Disk Sectors Critical to Startup. Additional Resources. Related Information.

For more information about the file allocation table (FAT) and NTFS file systems, see Chapter 1. Working with File Systems.”For more information about managing disks and volumes, see Chapter 1. Organizing Disks.”For more information about the tools that Microsoft Windows XP Professional provides for troubleshooting, see Appendix C, “Tools for Troubleshooting.”For more information about how to troubleshoot, see Chapter 2.

Understanding Troubleshooting.”New in Troubleshooting Disks and File Systems Microsoft Windows XP Professional provides improved troubleshooting tools for disks and file systems. Table 2. 8- 1 summarizes the enhancements made from Microsoft Windows 2. Windows XP Professional.

Table 2. 8- 1 Enhancements Since Windows 2. New Feature. Feature Description. Automated System Recovery (ASR)Automated System Recovery (ASR) is a two- part recovery system that allows you to restore the operating system state by using files saved to tape media and hard disk configuration information saved to a floppy disk.

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Disk Defragmenter has new capabilities, including a command- line option. Windows XP Professional offers two choices for defragmenting disks: the Disk Defragmenter snap- in and a new command- line version of the tool (Defrag. Both tools can defragment NTFS volumes that have cluster sizes larger than 4 KB and files smaller than 1.

Both tools can also defragment the master file table (MFT) on NTFS volumes. Troubleshoot disks and volumes at the command line by using Disk. Part. Use the new command- line tool Disk.

Part to troubleshoot disks and volumes at the command line as an alternative to using the Disk Management snap- in. Create GUID partition table disks on 6. Windows XP Professional x. Edition supports a new partition style called GUID partition table (GPT). GPT disks contain redundant partition tables for improved partition structure integrity. Use the Fsutil. exe tool to determine whether a volume is marked as dirty.

The Fsutil. exe command- line tool offers many commands to manage file system behavior. For example, use the fsutil dirty command to determine whether a volume is dirty. Smartdraw 2010 Crack File Free Download. If a volume is dirty, it has experienced file system errors and you must run Chkdsk on the volume to repair the problem. You can also use the fsutil dirty command to mark a volume as dirty.

If you are migrating from Microsoft Windows NT version 4. Table 2. 8- 2 apply in addition to those outlined in Table 2. Table 2. 8- 2 Enhancements Since Windows NT 4.

New Feature. Feature Description. Chkntfs. exe. Chkntfs. Chkdsk on dirty volumes. You can also use Chkntfs to cancel a scheduled session of Chkdsk so that it does not run when the computer restarts. New Chkdsk parameters. Chkdsk offers two new parameters, /c and /i, to reduce the length of time required to run Chkdsk on NTFS volumes.

Recovery Console. Recovery Console is a command- line startup environment that allows you to gain access to the hard disk for basic troubleshooting and system maintenance. Dmdiag. exe Dmdiag.

Dynamic disks were new in Windows 2. Windows NT 4. 0 and earlier. Maintenance and Troubleshooting Tools Windows XP Professional provides many tools to maintain and troubleshoot disks and file systems. The tools described in this section are: Chkdsk. Disk Defragmenter. Recovery Console. Automated System Recovery.

Disk. Probe. Dmdiag. For more information about troubleshooting problems with Windows XP Professional, see Appendix C, “Tools for Troubleshooting,” and Chapter 2. Understanding Troubleshooting.”Chkdsk Chkdsk. Windows XP Professional volume. If file system structures become damaged, Windows XP Professional automatically schedules Chkdsk to run the next time the computer is restarted.

At any time, you can manually run Chkdsk at the command prompt or from Windows Explorer or My Computer. For more information about running the graphical version of Chkdsk, see “Running Chkdsk from My Computer or Windows Explorer” later in this chapter. Volumes that have file system errors are known as dirty volumes. To indicate that a file system problem has occurred and that the volume is dirty, Windows XP Professional displays a message similar to the following when you attempt to open, delete, or rename a file or folder by using Microsoft Windows Explorer or the command prompt: Note: Some of the lines in the following code have been displayed on multiple lines for better readability.

The file or directory filename is. Figure 2. 8- 1 illustrates a Chkdsk entry in the system log. Figure 2. 8- 1 Chkdsk message in the system log in Event Viewer To determine whether a volume is dirty use the fsutil dirty query command or the chkntfs command. For example, to determine whether volume C is dirty, type: fsutil dirty query c: –or–chkntfs c: Running Chkdsk to Repair File Systems You can run Chkdsk in two modes: Chkdsk without parameters. When you run Chkdsk without parameters, it runs in read- only mode.

In this mode, Chkdsk examines the disk and then reports whether it found any file system errors but does not repair the errors. Chkdsk with parameters. When you run Chkdsk with parameters, such as /f or /r, Chkdsk repairs errors related to file system structures. Before running Chkdsk to repair a volume. Before running Chkdsk to repair a volume, you must do the following: Back up key data files, or make sure that you have a known good backup. Be prepared to let the Chkdsk process complete. If you use the /f or /r parameter on a large volume (for example, 7.

GB) or on a volume with a very large number of files (in the millions), Chkdsk can take a long time to complete. The volume is not available during this time because Chkdsk does not relinquish control until it is done.

If a volume is being checked during the startup process, the computer is not available until the Chkdsk process is complete. Chkdsk does not include parameters that let you cancel the Chkdsk process; however, when you run Chkdsk you can specify parameters that shorten the process. For more information about minimizing downtime during Chkdsk, see “Reducing the Time Required to Run Chkdsk on NTFS Volumes” later in this chapter. Running Chkdsk on the boot volume. When you use the /f or /r parameters to run Chkdsk on the boot volume, Chkdsk displays the following message: Note: Some of the lines in the following code have been displayed on multiple lines for better readability. Chkdsk cannot run because the volume.

Would. you like to schedule this volume to. Therefore, Chkdsk must always restart the computer to check the boot volume. If you press the Y key, a version of Chkdsk known as Autochk runs the next time the computer restarts.

After Autochk checks the boot volume, the computer automatically restarts. Running Chkdsk on a volume other than the boot volume. When you use the /f or /r parameters on a volume other than the boot volume, Chkdsk must lock the volume for exclusive use before it can repair errors.