Risk - Wikipedia. Risk is the potential of gaining or losing something of value. Risk can also be defined as the intentional interaction with uncertainty. Any human endeavor carries some risk, but some are much riskier than others.

It defines risk as: (Exposure to) the possibility of loss, injury, or other adverse or unwelcome circumstance; a chance or situation involving such a possibility. Trading risk is divided into two general categories: (1) Systematic risk affects all securities in the same class and is linked to the overall capital- market system and therefore cannot be eliminated by diversification.

Also called market risk. Also called non- market risk, extra- market risk or diversifiable risk. Workplace: Product of the consequence and probability of a hazardous event or phenomenon. For example, the risk of developing cancer is estimated as the incremental probability of developing cancer over a lifetime as a result of exposure to potential carcinogens (cancer- causing substances). International Organization for Standardization.

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In this definition, uncertainties include events (which may or may not happen) and uncertainties caused by ambiguity or a lack of information. It also includes both negative and positive impacts on objectives. Many definitions of risk exist in common usage, however this definition was developed by an international committee representing over 3.

Very different approaches to risk management are taken in different fields, e. In computer science this definition is used by The Open Group. References to negative risk below should be read as also applying to positive impacts or opportunity (e. When describing risk however, it is convenient to consider that risk practitioners operate in some specific practice areas.

Economic risk. The causes can be many, for instance, the hike in the price for raw materials, the lapsing of deadlines for construction of a new operating facility, disruptions in a production process, emergence of a serious competitor on the market, the loss of key personnel, the change of a political regime, or natural disasters. Risks in personal health may be reduced by primary prevention actions that decrease early causes of illness or by secondary prevention actions after a person has clearly measured clinical signs or symptoms recognized as risk factors. Tertiary prevention reduces the negative impact of an already established disease by restoring function and reducing disease- related complications. Ethical medical practice requires careful discussion of risk factors with individual patients to obtain informed consent for secondary and tertiary prevention efforts, whereas public health efforts in primary prevention require education of the entire population at risk. In each case, careful communication about risk factors, likely outcomes and certainty must distinguish between causal events that must be decreased and associated events that may be merely consequences rather than causes. In epidemiology, the lifetime risk of an effect is the cumulative incidence, also called incidence proportion over an entire lifetime. The reason for this is typically to do with organizational management structures; however, there are strong links among these disciplines.

One of the strongest links between these is that a single risk event may have impacts in all three areas, albeit over differing timescales. For example, the uncontrolled release of radiation or a toxic chemical may have immediate short- term safety consequences, more protracted health impacts, and much longer- term environmental impacts. Events such as Chernobyl, for example, caused immediate deaths, and in the longer term, deaths from cancers, and left a lasting environmental impact leading to birth defects, impacts on wildlife, etc. Over time, a form of risk analysis called environmental risk analysis has developed. Environmental risk analysis is a field of study that attempts to understand events and activities that bring risk to human health or the environment.

As such, risk is a function of hazard and exposure. Hazard is the intrinsic danger or harm that is posed, e. Exposure is the likely contact with that hazard. Therefore, the risk of even a very hazardous substance approaches zero as the exposure nears zero, given a person's (or other organism's) biological makeup, activities and location (See exposome). A study using representative household data in the US, Italy and Austria finds evidence that risk taking levels can be influenced by the immediate social environment and by the welfare regime of a state (i.

The study also finds that these factors can interact. This relatively new term was developed as a result of an increasing awareness that information security is simply one facet of a multitude of risks that are relevant to IT and the real world processes it supports. The increasing dependencies of modern society on information and computers networks (both in private and public sectors, including military). Information assurance risks include the ones related to the consistency of the business information stored in IT systems and the information stored by other means and the relevant business consequences.

Insurance. It can be considered as a form of contingent capital and is akin to purchasing an option in which the buyer pays a small premium to be protected from a potential large loss. Insurance risk is often taken by insurance companies, who then bear a pool of risks including market risk, credit risk, operational risk, interest rate risk, mortality risk, longevity risks, etc. Indeed, they may define these professions; for example, a doctor manages medical risk, while a civil engineer manages risk of structural failure.

A professionalcode of ethics is usually focused on risk assessment and mitigation (by the professional on behalf of client, public, society or life in general). In the workplace, incidental and inherent risks exist. Incidental risks are those that occur naturally in the business but are not part of the core of the business. Inherent risks have a negative effect on the operating profit of the business. In human services.

Most studies of HROs involve areas such as nuclear aircraft carriers, air traffic control, aerospace and nuclear power stations. Organizations such as these share in common the ability to consistently operate safely in complex, interconnected environments where a single failure in one component could lead to catastrophe. Essentially, they are organizations which appear to operate 'in spite' of an enormous range of risks.

Some of these industries manage risk in a highly quantified and enumerated way. These include the nuclear power and aircraft industries, where the possible failure of a complex series of engineered systems could result in highly undesirable outcomes. The usual measure of risk for a class of events is then: R = probability of the event . Adobe Rent A Car Guanacaste Hotels more.

Where these risks are low, they are normally considered to be . A higher level of risk (typically up to 1. Risks beyond this level are classified as . Farmer used the example of hill- walking and similar activities, which have definable risks that people appear to find acceptable. This resulted in the so- called Farmer Curve of acceptable probability of an event versus its consequence.

The technique as a whole is usually referred to as probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) (or probabilistic safety assessment, PSA). See WASH- 1. 40. 0 for an example of this approach. Finance. This includes the possibility of losing some or all of the original investment. In a view advocated by Damodaran, risk includes not only .

Financial risk may be market- dependent, determined by numerous market factors, or operational, resulting from fraudulent behavior (e. Bernard Madoff). Recent studies suggest that endocrine levels may play a role in risk- taking in financial decision- making.

The greater the potential return one might seek, the greater the risk that one generally assumes.

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